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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(3): 518-521, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042525

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to report an outbreak of human toxoplasmosis at a research institution in Londrina, Paraná, from December 2015 to February 2016. Blood samples from 26 symptomatic individuals were collected and the microparticle chemiluminescence immunoassay was performed to detect IgM, IgG and specific IgG avidity test in the official laboratory. A total of 20 people with symptoms and serology compatible with acute toxoplasmosis (IgM positive and IgG with low avidity) were selected as cases, while 45 asymptomatic employees working in the same teams and during the same shifts were selected as controls. All the participants of the investigation answered an epidemiological questionnaire. Three samples of water and one sludge from the institution's supply cisterns, 10 soil samples, 11 plant samples, three cat fecal samples and one domestic feline cadaver were collected for analysis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for T. gondii. After analyzing the epidemiological data, the consumption of vegetables in the restaurant of the institution was the only variable associated with the occurrence of the disease. In laboratory results, all the samples showed negative results to PCR. The rapid recognition of the outbreak, early notification and investigation could have broken the chain of transmission early, thus preventing the emergence of new cases. In addition, the adoption of good food handling practices could have prevented the occurrence of the outbreak.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um surto de toxoplasmose humana em uma instituição de pesquisa em Londrina, Paraná, no período de dezembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016. Amostras de sangue de 26 indivíduos sintomáticos foram coletadas e o imunoensaio de quimioluminescência de micropartículas foi realizado para detectar IgM, IgG e teste de avidez de IgG específica em laboratório oficial. Um total de 20 pessoas com sintomas e sorologia compatíveis com toxoplasmose aguda (IgM positiva e IgG com baixa avidez) foi selecionado como casos, enquanto 45 funcionários assintomáticos que trabalhavam nas mesmas equipes e durante os mesmos turnos foram utilizados como controles. Todos os participantes da investigação responderam a um questionário epidemiológico. Foram coletadas três amostras de água e uma de lodo das cisternas de abastecimento da instituição, 10 de solo, 11 de vegetais, três amostras de fezes de gato e um cadáver de filhote felino doméstico para detecção de T. gondii pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Após análise dos dados epidemiológicos, o consumo de hortaliças no restaurante da instituição foi a única variável associada à ocorrência da doença. Em resultados laboratoriais, todas as amostras apresentaram resultados negativos a PCR. O rápido reconhecimento do surto, notificação e investigação prematura poderia ter quebrado a cadeia de transmissão, evitando assim o surgimento de novos casos. Além disso, a adoção de boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos poderia ter impedido a ocorrência do surto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Cats , Toxoplasma/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Brazil/epidemiology , Immunoassay , Case-Control Studies , Risk Factors , Luminescence , Middle Aged
2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 92(6): 616-623, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829121

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the Western blotting method for the detection of IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) (IgG-WB) in the serum of children with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis. Methods: We accompanied 47 mothers with acquired toxoplasmosis in pregnancy and their children, between June of 2011 and June of 2014. The IgG-WB was done in house and the test was considered positive if the child had antibodies that recognized at least one band on IgG blots different from the mother's or with greater intensity than the corresponding maternal band, during the first three months of life. Results: 15 children (15.1%) met the criteria for congenital toxoplasmosis and 32 (32.3%) had the diagnosis excluded. The symptoms were observed in 12 (80.0%) children and the most frequent were cerebral calcification in 9 (60.0%), chorioretinitis in 8 (53.3%), and hydrocephalus in 4 (26.6%). IgM antibodies anti-T. gondii detected by chemiluminescence (CL) were found in 6 (40.0%) children and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of T. gondii DNA was positive in 5 of 7 performed (71.4%). The sensitivity of IgG-WB was of 60.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32.3-83.7%] and specificity 43.7% (95% CI 26.7-62.3%). The sensitivity of IgG-WB increased to 76.0 and 89.1% when associated to the research of IgM anti-T. gondii or PCR, respectively. Conclusions: The IgG-WB showed greater sensitivity than the detection of IgM anti-T. gondii; therefore, it can be used for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in association with other congenital infection markers.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o método Western Blotting para detecção de IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) (IgG-WB) no soro de crianças com suspeita de toxoplasmose congênita. Métodos: Acompanhamos 47 mães com toxoplasmose adquirida na gravidez e seus filhos, entre junho de 2011 e junho de 2014. O IgG-WB foi feito internamente e o teste foi considerado positivo quando a criança apresentava anticorpos que reconheciam pelo menos uma banda nas manchas de IgG diferente das bandas da mãe ou com maior intensidade do que a banda materna correspondente, durante os primeiros 3 meses de vida. Resultados: Atenderam aos critérios para diagnóstico de toxoplasmose congênita 15 crianças (15,1%) e 32 (32,3%) tiveram o diagnóstico excluído. Os sintomas foram observados em 12 crianças (80%) e os mais frequentes foram calcificação cerebral em nove (60%), coriorretinite em oito (53,3%) e hidrocefalia em quatro (26,6%). Os anticorpos IgM anti-T. gondii detectados por quimiluminescência (QL) foram encontrados em seis crianças (40%) e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (RCP) para detecção do DNA de T. gondii foi positiva em cinco de sete reações (71,4%). A sensibilidade do IgG-WB foi de 60% [intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%, 32,3 a 83,7%] e a especificidade foi de 43,7% (IC de 95%, 26,7 a 62,3%). A sensibilidade do IgG-WB aumentou para 76 e 89,1% quando relacionada à pesquisa de IgM anti-T. gondii ou à RCP, respectivamente. Conclusões: O IgG-WB mostrou maior sensibilidade do que a detecção de IgM anti-T. gondii; portanto, pode ser usado para o diagnóstico de toxoplasmose congênita em associação com outros marcadores de infecção congênita.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Rats , Toxoplasma/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , Blotting, Western/methods , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Early Diagnosis , Luminescent Measurements/methods , Mothers
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(6): 523-526, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770113

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii transmission via breastfeeding has been discussed; however, no cases have been confirmed to date. This article describes a case of acute toxoplasmosis diagnosed in a mother and her six-month-old breastfed infant. The study accounts for the possibility of breast milk transmission and directs both clinicians and pediatricians to the hypothesis that both patients acquired toxoplasmosis via water ingestion.


A transmissão do Toxoplasma gondii através do aleitamento materno tem sido discutida; no entanto, até o momento nenhum caso foi confirmado. Este artigo relata um caso de toxoplasmose aguda diagnosticada na mãe e no seu bebê com seis meses de vida, que estava em amamentação exclusiva. Embora apresente a possibilidade de transmissão pelo leite materno, o estudo chama a atenção de clínicos e pediatras para a mais provável hipótese de que ambos adquiriram toxoplasmose pela ingestão de água.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Breast Feeding , Drinking Water/parasitology , Milk, Human/parasitology , Toxoplasmosis/transmission , Waterborne Diseases/parasitology , Antibody Affinity , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(6): 732-738, Sept. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763098

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate an enzyme-linked immunoassay with recombinant rhoptry protein 2 (ELISA-rROP2) for its ability to detectToxoplasma gondii ROP2-specific IgG in samples from pregnant women. The study included 236 samples that were divided into groups according to serological screening profiles for toxoplasmosis: unexposed (n = 65), probable acute infection (n = 48), possible acute infection (n = 58) and exposed to the parasite (n = 65). When an indirect immunofluorescence assay forT. gondii-specific IgG was considered as a reference test, the ELISA-rROP2 had a sensitivity of 61.8%, specificity of 62.8%, predictive positive value of 76.6% and predictive negative value of 45.4% (p = 0.0002). The ELISA-rROP2 reacted with 62.5% of the samples from pregnant women with probable acute infection and 40% of the samples from pregnant women with previous exposure (p = 0.0180). Seropositivity was observed in 50/57 (87.7%) pregnant women with possible infection. The results underscored that T. gondii rROP2 is recognised by specific IgG antibodies in both the acute and chronic phases of toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy. However, the sensitivity of the ELISA-rROP2 was higher in the pregnant women with probable and possible acute infections and IgM reactivity.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Membrane Proteins/immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Protozoan Proteins/immunology , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Antigens, Protozoan/blood , Confidence Intervals , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/standards , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Immunoglobulin M/isolation & purification , Inventions/standards , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins , Reference Standards , Sensitivity and Specificity , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis/blood , Toxoplasmosis/immunology
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